Re-membering HIV in the Black Church: women's religious and social identity in relation to perceived risk and men on the down low.

This analysis of 84 interviews with female Black Church leaders and members from Atlanta, GA, examined how women in Black churches construct definitions of, and identities in relation to, HIV narratives about men on the down low. We analyse these narratives as collective memories, through the theoretical lens of memory and trauma studies, by identifying how women understand themselves as the victims of men on the down low transmitting HIV; describe this as a painful experience; make public claims about this experience; and draw on theological understandings to make these claims. The narratives articulate how Black communal modes of meaning making have been disrupted by the HIV epidemic and assign responsibility for HIV transmission to men on the down low, who are perceived to be engaged in risky sexual behaviour. We discuss these results in relation to HIV education and prevention and suggest health educators can engage Black church leaders by understanding these narratives as forms of countermemory.

Using Spirituality to Cope with COVID-19: the Experiences of African American Breast Cancer Survivors.

African American women with breast cancer generally rely on their spirituality to cope with psychosocial issues encountered during survivorship. However, in order to mitigate the risk of contracting COVID-19, a potentially deadly disease, it is imperative that community-dwelling older adults physically distance themselves from supportive family, friends, and even traditional faith-based activities. In this report, we explore the ways in which spirituality was used to manage stressors during this pandemic. This is a qualitative descriptive study with content analysis of data from the narratives from 18 African American breast cancer survivors. Participants were interviewed via phone and video conferencing platform and asked to respond to questions of strategies used to manage stressors encountered during this COVID-19 pandemic. Spirituality enabled African American breast cancer survivors to better manage their psychological distress through (1) increased engagement in religious activities; (2) reliance on God for protection when fearful, feeling isolated, and in need of assistance to pay household bills; (3) finding joy and courage from listening to gospel music and reading scripture; and (4) finding meaning through spirituality. These findings suggest that in spite of physical distancing requirements that impose limited access to faith-based institutions during this COVID-19 pandemic, spirituality continues to be a supportive resource to manage emotional stressors.

Effect of acute experimental hand pain on left-right discrimination response latency for hand recognition.

Background: Recent work has indicated that acute experimental pain affects left-right discrimination latency. This phenomenon highlights an effect of pain on the cortex that may have significant clinical importance in the form of pain state assessment. However, to date only limited study has further qualified this effect. A more thorough understanding of the magnitude and characteristics of this phenomenon is needed to determine its potential clinical utility. Objective: This study aimed to closely replicate previous studies investigating response latency changes for left-right discrimination judgements as a result of acute experimental pain. Methods: Twenty-two right-handed participants (n = 11 female, n = 11 male) free from pain, analgesia use, pain-related conditions, upper limb trauma/conditions, visual impairment, and dyslexia took part in this study. Participants completed a hand left-right discrimination judgement task before, during, and after an experimental pain stimulus was delivered to each hand separately. Experimental pain was achieved using an intramuscular injection of hypertonic (5%) saline into the thenar eminence of the left and right hands. Mean response times for the left-right discrimination task were determined and compared for pain location (right, left), pain condition (before, during, after), and image laterality (right, left). Pain intensity was rated at 20 s intervals during each left-right discrimination task. Results: A main effect of pain condition (p = 0.028) confirmed that pain intensity was significantly higher in the "during pain" condition compared to the "before pain" and "after pain" conditions. A main effect of image laterality (p = 0.002) further showed that response latency for right-hand pain was significantly shorter compared to left-hand pain. No significant interaction between the factors pain location and image laterality (p = 0.086) was found. For right-hand pain, response latencies for the unaffected hand were, however, descriptively greater compared to the affected hand, and this was not the case for left-hand pain. Furthermore, no main effect of pain stimulus or of pain location on response times was found (p = 1.00 and p = 0.202, respectively). Conclusion: Our results were not consistent with previous hand left-right discrimination response latency results and may cast doubt on the attentional bias hypothesis that is currently considered to underpin response latency changes during acute experimental hand pain. Individual responses to pain, subsets of participants, and differing mental rotation strategies during the left-right discrimination task may have influenced the results.